Endometriosis: Endometriosis is a gynecologic condition characterized by endometrial tissue from the inner lining of the uterus growing outside of the uterine cavity. Typical symptoms of endometriosis are painful menstrual periods, vaginal bleeding between periods, and infertility; however, some women with infertility associated with endometriosis have no symptoms. Although the exact mechanism of how endometriosis causes infertility remains poorly understood, the strong association between endometriosis and unexplained infertility exists. Many studies have shown that treatment of moderate and severe endometriosis can improve fertility in women attempting to conceive on their own or with fertility treatments. For women with endometriosis, surgery can be done to remove, or lessen, the amount of abnormal tissue in the pelvis. This can be achieved through: Laparoscopy: Laparoscopy can be used to diagnose and treat endometriosis in a single procedure. The surgeon makes a tiny incision below the navel and places a small telescope into the abdominal cavity, allowing the doctor to visualize any scarring or abnormal tissue with a fiber optic camera. Additional small incisions can be made to introduce additional instruments needed to perform surgery. Mini-laparotomy: The surgeon makes an incision in the abdominal wall to reach the affected areas. Mini-laparotomy is performed through a small incision located just above the pubic bone. The surgeon explores the pelvis and corrects the problem. Laparotomy: In a laparotomy, an incision is made in the lower abdomen which allows the surgeon direct access to all structures of the pelvis. This procedure may be needed for severe pelvic diseases and requires a few days of hospitalization and a 4–6 week period of recovery.Advanced Fertility Care Centre , Maternal & Child Health Care , Ashwini Hospital Moondrumavadi K.Pudur Madurai -07 , Best Fertility Care Centre.